How to Read Ko-Lasha

Title leaf

Reconstruction

chanut ko-lasha

Ko-Lasha is the tongue. The grammar is Ko-Lasha. Tesn is how it is cut — mute, never spoken. You are not choosing between two languages. I keep both. Tesn has no mouth. Ko-Lasha is the mouth. This leaf is the grammar so the eight can be read without giving Tesn breath. Learn Tesn is the knife. This leaf is the tongue: sound of Ko-Lasha, marks of Tesn, keys, the method of reading. The eight are the tongue, already cut. The originals were Tionese, Coremaic, protobesh, and Basic — the Temple leaves a later Master gathered. This is the other set: Ko-Lasha, carved in Tesn in the Purge-hour, so a hunter reaching for a spoken Jedi-script or Sith-script would feel brick.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Contents

Twenty-eight chapters. Use the list above, or walk the leaf in order. History sits near the front — two shelves, why Tesn, the Ferrix cut. The marks are 4–5. Particles, cases, and the verb system are 8–10 — nouns take case, verbs take aspect, they do not share a prefix. Derivation, numbers, and syntax are 12–14. Syntax now keeps evidentials: tesn shom hasn lur after the event. The Margin Canticle and the sealed-line method are 16–18. Mas, Nol, and Padawan, forbidden forms, and the held line are 19–21. Reconstruction versus named histories is 22. The interlinear is 23. Chapter 24 is the full lexicon of this shelf. Worked paradigms are chapter 25. Chapter 26 is how you know. Chapter 27 is a mouth walking — connected Tesn, not a precept scrap.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

two shelves

1 · What this is

Reconstruction

We know the first writing of the eight. Tionese. Coremaic. Protobesh. Galactic Basic. Later hands added notes in the margins. Those are the Temple leaves — uneti pulp, the set a later Master found by the Force and stored in the tree by the first temple. A later hand carried that shelf. This plank is not that plank.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The four names are not one mouth. Tionese is the old Tion-cluster tongue — vertical circles, always mirrored. It is not insight. It is where one stands in the well. Tesn refuses that curve on purpose: Tesn is the knife — behold, cut, walk — not a second grammar. The grammar is Ko-Lasha. The Tionese grammar sits outside the Tesn cut, outside the eight — so a learner is not taught that the Force had only one speech. Coremaic is a lost liturgical hand; the Rammahgon’s Temple-language original was kept in it. Protobesh is the cartouche-hand behind Aurebesh — cut marks, not the later print. Basic is the door. Ko-Lasha is none of these. Tesn is its mute carved hand. The knife was kept in the Mortis household — Father, Daughter, Son — so a hunter reaching for a spoken Jedi-script or Sith-script would feel brick.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

This is the Tesn cut: Ko-Lasha, already cut. Made in the Purge-hour, on the far side of Ferrix, so the teaching would survive even if the originals vanished into eight worlds. The copy was given the knife so the Sith of that hour could not hear the tongue.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Small. Liturgical. Built to be cut downward as a seal, and written across a page as teaching. Tesn is never spoken. If you voice the marks, you speak whatever mouth you brought. Ko-Lasha stays in the cut unless you already have that mouth. It is not a second Basic. It will not buy a market. It will let a reader walk a line. A later mouth will argue in Basic. Tesn already cut the word. House is not finish. Well is not moon. Between is not a house. The gloss is a door, not a court. Cite the Tesn.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

ko-lasha kem ko-girkan · ko-ash tesn · na gor

the tongue keeps the book · the light-flow reveals · do not hunger-without-leave

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Toggle Basic anytime when reading the leaves. The Force does not grade you.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

two shelves · three layers

2 · History of the tongue

Reconstruction

Prime (Ashla-Prime). The oldest recoverable layer. Starred reconstructions (*ax-, *las-, *gir-). CVC roots. Particles mi / sa / in. No ko- prefix. Howell did not erase this line when assembling Aionomicum I.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Classical Ko-Lasha. The liturgical tongue of the shelf. ko- for the known teaching. Case suffixes. Aspect prefixes. -el action verbs. Construct: head then dependent. This is what sealed copies and precepts speak. This is the updated layer.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Basic. The gloss. Howell’s lower line. Not the teaching; the door into it. Start in Basic only if you came only to hear. Stay in the upper lines if you came to learn.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Assembly and transmission. Ri-Lee Howell assembled Aionomicum I as interlinear: Prime under Classical, with a Basic gloss. A third Aionomicum was rumored. One was laid before the Council in a later year. Every mark on every page went out at the same hour. They called it a forgery. It was not. The field will hide a teaching so a Jedi must act instead of know — flow instead of sit and consider. To be mindful of what surrounds you is not the walls. It is the current moving through them. Ghosts teach that fully now. There is no third volume on this shelf. Howell’s work sat in the Temple. It is not the Ferrix cut. The Ferrix cut is later, and it is why you are reading Tesn.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Two shelves. The Temple fell. The Chief Librarian survived the first night. She got the eight uneti books out — the originals, in Tionese, Coremaic, protobesh, and Basic. She would not keep them together. Knowledge that sits in one room is hunted. The eight were taken to eight worlds and hidden so that only the Force could find them. A later Master walked those roads. He stored that set in the uneti by the first temple. A later hand carried it. This plank is not that plank.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Before the originals scattered, a copy had to be made in a hand the hunters did not own. The Chief Librarian could not cut it. Tesn is not a Temple hand. She asked the Guardians of the Whills — a faith, not a Jedi school, not a Sith order. They keep the Force without a saber syllabus. They still held the mute cut of the Mortis household: the Father, the Daughter, the Son. A Guardian scribe cut the eight into Tesn. This leaf will not hang that cut on a later famous name. The order kept the mute cut. The office did the work.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The cut was not made on Jedha. Jedha is a holy city; hunters look there first. It was made on the far side of Ferrix, under the protection of the Daughters of Ferrix — a civic order of that world, who bury their own and hide their own. Scrap stone. No temple. No kyber spire. Working leaves moved off Coruscant. Then the librarian went back for a list of children, and did not return. The Tesn set stayed in the Ferrix stone.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

After the last binding, the Tesn set could not stay in Ferrix stone forever. A Guardian spent a likeness so the hunters’ count of the Whills would not kill those who remained. A Daughter of Ferrix was told: wait until the disturbance thins, then put the crate in ordinary hands — no Force attachment — bound for a quiet rock off the corporate lanes. A later healer, laying a hand on a son of that world, felt a weight she could not name. He was not a Jedi. The guess is marked as such: the copies had sat near him, and the field leaned toward the crate. The bound chronicle of that hour sits beside the shelf. This leaf is the grammar. That book is the chain.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The mouth of Ko-Lasha. Open vowels. Dense clusters that still sit: tsarr, kyb, sxal. Stress on the last full vowel. Case endings: locative -um, instrumental -ov, ablative -il. Action verbs in -el. Prime CVC becomes Classical by law, not by taste — the table sits in Sound. That grain is the tongue. Tesn is its mute carved hand. Do not speak Tesn. There is no Tesn pronunciation.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

the mouth · thirty marks

3 · Sound

Five vowels: a e i o u. No length. No tone. Stress falls on the last full vowel of the stem: ko-la-SHA, a-LIV, gir-KAN, ra-KOS. Prefixes are unstressed. If you stress the first syllable you are speaking Basic with Tesn clothes.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Thirty Tesn marks. Five vowels. Twenty-five consonants, one mark each: p t k b d g m n r l s sh f v w h x y j ts ch th sx z c. Five of those are digraphs — one breath, one mark: sh, ts, ch, th, sx. x is a scrape in the throat, not ks. z is the twin-cut (baz). c is the open-cut (sac) — not ch. ky in kyb is two marks: k then y. It is not a sixth digraph.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

A syllable is (C)(C)V(C)(C). Digraphs count as one C. Prime roots are CVC: *ax-, *las-, *gir-, *ver-. Classical allows a second open syllable (lasha, keran) and a few clusters the mouth can keep: st (stanal), mn (mnam), xt (uxt), bl (bled), pch (pchel). Clusters that fight the mouth are a broken line — rewrite, do not force. Do not write two vowels in a row inside a stem. ko-ash is a prefix plus a stem, not a hiatus. That mouth is Ko-Lasha. Tesn has none.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Light-concepts lean front: i, e, ash. Weight leans back: o, u, bog. Balance sits in the middle: a, sha. Color, not a harmony that rewrites vowels. Hyphens in romanization are morphology, not letters: ver-ar is ver + allative, not a new root.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The mouth, specified. x is a scrape. Word-initial (xin, xosel) it is a dry catch in the throat. After a vowel (sxal, uxt) it stays scrape — never ks. na is a clitic: unstressed, leans on the next act. Prefixes and case suffixes never take stress. Two vowels in a row belong to two marks (ko-ash). They do not glue. That is Ko-Lasha. Tesn still has no mouth.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Sandhi. Prefixes never elide and never eat the stem. ra-arnel is ra + arnel — two vowels, a catch in the mouth, never *rarnel. ko-ash never *kash. Cluster after a prefix keeps the hyphen as the syllable cut: ra-sxal, nu-stanal, ve-pchel. Same consonant twice stays twice: nu-mnam, not *numam. No epenthetic vowel into the stem. If the cluster fights the mouth, you wrote the wrong root — rewrite, do not grease it. Case fusion (keranum, kybov) is already the only licensed glue, and only on short CVC nouns.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Prime → Classical is regular. Reconstruction, starred. 1. Unchanged CVC: *bog *liv *ver *kos *sha *mid *nul *wil. 2. Palatal: *x after open a becomes sh — *ax → ash. 3. Stative -n on result roots — *tes → tesn, *has → hasn, *luys → luysn. 4. Echo vowel after final s — *las → lasha. 5. Action -el on motion — *gne → gnel, *eln → elnel, *mtn → mtnel. 6. Fossil nouns -an/-kan, do not mint new ones — *ker → keran, *gir → girkan. If a form breaks a law, star it. Do not taste a prettier mouth.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Three mouths, not a family tree. Prime is starred speech — a mouth the field would hear. Classical is that mouth after the six laws, cut mute in Tesn. Basic is not a daughter. It is a crib of meaning, a door, not a shift. Do not run the laws backward from Basic and call it Prime. Do not run them forward from Classical and mint a street-Ko-Lasha. Howell kept all three on one leaf so a Jedi would see the join, not invent a fourth.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Prime

   *ax

   Tesn · Classical

   ash

   Basic

   light-flow — front, open, a reveal

2. 2

   Prime

   *bog

   Tesn · Classical

   bog

   Basic

   shadow-weight — back, closed, a press

3. 3

   Prime

   *sha

   Tesn · Classical

   sha

   Basic

   balance — the mouth in the middle

4. 4

   Prime

   *las

   Tesn · Classical

   lasha

   Basic

   tongue — echo vowel after s (law 4)

5. 5

   Prime

   *tes

   Tesn · Classical

   tesn

   Basic

   behold — stative -n (law 3)

6. 6

   Prime

   *gne

   Tesn · Classical

   gnel

   Basic

   walk — action -el (law 5)

7. 7

   Prime

   *gir

   Tesn · Classical

   girkan

   Basic

   book — fossil -kan (law 6)

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   xin · sxal · uxt

   Basic

   x scrape: initial · after consonant · after vowel. Never ks.

9. 9

   Tesn · Classical

   ra-arnel · ko-ash · ra-sxal · nu-mnam

   Basic

   sandhi: no elision · no *kash · cluster keeps the cut · double stays

why this cut · well · sun · cut

4 · The marks (Tesn)

Reconstruction

Why Tesn. Three reasons. First: the mute cut was kept in the region of the Father, the Daughter, and the Son — the Mortis household. Most Jedi never learned the hand. No Sith of that hour had it. Coremaic they could hunt. Protobesh they could hunt. Ur-Kittât they already owned. This cut they did not have a name for. Second: Tesn is not a Jedi tongue and not a Sith tongue. It is not a tongue at all. The grammar is Ko-Lasha. Tesn is how that grammar is cut. A seeker reaching through the Force for Temple-script or Sith-script does not catch it. The books do not answer to the word Jedi. Third: the field listens to speech. Tesn has no mouth. If you voice the marks, you speak whatever tongue you brought. Ko-Lasha stays in the cut unless you already have that mouth. That is the hide.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Tesn means behold, reveal. It is the carved script of Classical Ko-Lasha. Never spoken. Knife-cut stave down uneti wood. Nail-head wedge pressed into clay. The two together are Tesn. It is not Aurebesh. Not protobesh. Not Coremaic. No curves. Curves are ink. Tesn is not ink. Uneti is carved. The copy matches the material.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Three primitives. The well — a down-wedge or a diamond — is potential, water, the Padawan. The sun — an up-wedge — is mas, the pressure of the stylus, light. The cut — a straight stave — is path, will, the grain of the tree. Every letter is a small composition of those three. Light-letters lean on the sun. Weight-letters lean on the well. Balance sits in the middle (sha is a stave crossed by a bar).

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Direction. Native sacred writing is top to bottom: the canticle down the margin. The seal string is eighteen Latin letters: LASHAKOASHKESHAKUM. In Tesn, sh is one mark, so the cut line is fewer staves than eighteen. Howell’s assembly writes left to right across the leaf, because the Basic gloss had to sit under the line. Both are Tesn. The margin is the older habit. Neither is spoken as Tesn.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Three substrates. Same primitives. Meaning does not change. Clay: stylus, wide nail-head, short stave, sun and well more triangular — the press of a lesson-tablet. Uneti: knife with the grain, long thin stave, field-scratch even thinner, one pass — the working copy. Temple stone: deep chisel, facets on well and sun; tight stone may share a vertical stave between banner and first stem-mark — meaning unchanged. False cut: mark the wound (ren) on all three. Do not sand. Do not recarve clean.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Prime is not Tesn. Prime is starred speech — a reconstructed mouth, not a carved line. If you see Tesn, you are in Classical. If you see *ax- and *las-, you are hearing what Howell refused to erase.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

ko-tesn · ash tesn · na gor

the revealed-marks · light-flow reveals · do not hunger-without-leave

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

• Well

  Down-wedge or diamond. Potential, water, the Padawan. Weight leans here. Nail-head — the stylus pressing clay.

• Sun

  Up-wedge. Mas. The pressure of the stylus, light. A rising cut.

• Cut

  Straight stave. Path, will, uneti grain. Knife down the wood. No curves.

the carved line

5 · Reading Tesn

Reconstruction

Read a word left to right (or down a spine). Determinatives come first: ko- is a well on a stave, not the letters k and o. a- is a sun (the living one). ra- two suns (ongoing). nu- a fall (completed). ve- a hollow well (may). Then the stem, letter by letter. Digraphs are one mark: sh, ts, ch, th, sx. Hishel is h · i · sh · e · l — not h · i · s · h · e · l.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The tablet below is the whole hand: thirty marks, then the five determinatives. Study the marks first. Romanization is a door, not the teaching. After the tablet: first words, mark by mark, then a desk that will carve whatever Classical you type. Volume titles on the shelf are Tesn. Native direction is down the spine — the song of a book standing. Need a shorter door first? Learn Tesn is the short path — a line on this shelf, not a ninth volume.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

lasha kem ko-girkan

tongue keeps the book — the first sealed line, as marks

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   lasha

   Basic

   tongue — l · a · sh · a

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   ko-ash

   Basic

   the light-flow — determinative ko- · a · sh

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   padawan

   Basic

   light well — p · a · d · a · w · a · n

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   mas

   Basic

   sun / Master — m · a · s

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   sha

   Basic

   balance — sh · a (one mark, then a)

ko · lasha

6 · The name and ko-

Ko is the. The known. The teaching already in the house. Lasha is tongue. Ko-Lasha is the tongue — not a tongue, the one this shelf keeps. ko- is a prefix. It does not stand alone in Classical except as a lesson. In the Prime layer you will see the older root without it.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

a- marks a living subject: a-liv the living one, a-mas the sun/master, a-nol the moon/knight, a-pad the learner, a-spas the vigil-keeper, a-jed, a-sit. It does not mark a thing. Not a-girkan. Not a-kyb. ko- and a- can share a page; they are not the same prefix.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Prime

   *las

   Tesn · Classical

   lasha

   Basic

   tongue (a tongue, the faculty)

2. 2

   Prime

   *las

   Tesn · Classical

   ko-lasha

   Basic

   the tongue (this teaching)

3. 3

   Prime

   *gir *ax

   Tesn · Classical

   girkan ko-ash

   Basic

   book of the light-flow — head, then the known

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   a-liv

   Basic

   the living one as living subject

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   a-mas · a-nol · a-pad · a-spas

   Basic

   living sun · living moon · living learner · living vigil-keeper

ko- · construct · aspect

7 · Three keys

Hold these three and the rest of the shelf opens. 1. ko- marks the known teaching on a noun, or on a dual named as teaching: ko-ash, ko-rap (the healing). Not every noun needs it; the known one does. 2. Construct is head then dependent: girkan ko-ash — book of the light-flow — never the light-flow’s book with the owner in front. 3. Aspect sits on the verb only, or on a dual in its verb coat: ra-kos, nu-sof. Bare stem is timeless. Tense is a Basic habit. The field does not clock; it states whether a thing is still becoming, has become, or might. ko- and aspect never share a word. Nouns take ko- or a-. Verbs take ra- nu- ve- or stand bare. Duals take either coat, not both at once.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   ko-ash tesn

   Basic

   the light-flow reveals (known teaching, simple)

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   ra-kos ko-liv

   Basic

   continuously binds the living (ongoing)

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   hovi nu-tal ko-liv

   Basic

   peace has given the living (completed)

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   lu ve-sha · ta ve-sim

   Basic

   if one may balance · thus one may project

the joints

8 · Particles

Two classes of small words. Prefixes glue to a stem: ko- the known (nouns and duals named as teaching), a- a living subject (a-liv, a-mas, a-nol, a-pad, a-spas, a-jed, a-sit — seven offices, never a thing, never a-ash), ra- nu- ve- aspect (verbs and duals in the verb coat). They are not spoken as free words in Classical except as a lesson. Particles are free words. The table below is the complete particle set used on the shelf. na is local, never a fronted clause operator. Before an act it forbids: na gor. After a noun with nothing left to forbid, it is is-not: nol na, tesn na. That is still the particle, not a copula. ke joins equals. lu opens a condition. ba turns against the last thought. ya calls. ta concludes. shi compares. kol gathers. or relates. ha points. pel is one / first. al is upon / over — fully Classical. sa is with — song / Prime color. mi from, in in — Prime / Song. su it / that-one — Prime pronoun: allow, flag as Prime-color, do not strip. Mixing ban: mi / sa / in stacked with a case on the same stretch. Refuse in-um. Do not “fix” it. al is not in that ban. su is not in that ban.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   ko-

   Basic

   the / that-known (prefix)

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   a-

   Basic

   living subject (prefix): a-liv, a-mas, a-nol, a-pad, a-spas, a-jed, a-sit

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   na

   Basic

   not — local. Before an act: na gor. After a bare noun, is-not: nol na, tesn na. Hyphen na- is a quality, not this particle.

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   sa

   Basic

   with (song / Prime color more than Classical)

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   ke

   Basic

   and — joins equals

6. 6

   Tesn · Classical

   lu

   Basic

   if / when — opens a condition

7. 7

   Tesn · Classical

   ba

   Basic

   but / yet — turns against the last thought

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   ya

   Basic

   O (vocative)

9. 9

   Tesn · Classical

   ta

   Basic

   thus / so — concludes a condition

10. 10

    Tesn · Classical

    shi

    Basic

    as / like

11. 11

    Tesn · Classical

    kol

    Basic

    all / every

12. 12

    Tesn · Classical

    or

    Basic

    who / which (relative)

13. 13

    Tesn · Classical

    mi

    Basic

    from (Prime / Song — do not stack with case)

14. 14

    Tesn · Classical

    in

    Basic

    in (Prime particle; Classical prefers -um — do not stack with case)

15. 15

    Tesn · Classical

    ha

    Basic

    that (demonstrative)

16. 16

    Tesn · Classical

    al

    Basic

    upon / over — fully Classical

17. 17

    Tesn · Classical

    su

    Basic

    it / that-one (Prime pronoun — flag, do not strip)

18. 18

    Tesn · Classical

    pel

    Basic

    one / first

19. 19

    Tesn · Classical

    na gor

    Basic

    do not hunger-without-leave

20. 20

    Tesn · Classical

    nol na · tesn na

    Basic

    a moon is not · beholding is not — na after a bare noun

21. 21

    Tesn · Classical

    ash ke bog · pel sha

    Basic

    light-flow and shadow-weight · one balance

22. 22

    Tesn · Classical

    lu ra-sha · ta ve-sim

    Basic

    if one balances · thus one may project

23. 23

    Tesn · Classical

    ya pad · wil ko-sha

    Basic

    O learner · choose the balance

24. 24

    Tesn · Classical

    or nu-chan · or nu-hishel

    Basic

    who has known · who has remembered

-um -ar -il -ov -va -n -im

9 · Cases

Classical prefers suffixes. Prime and Song still like particles (mi, sa, in). Mixing ban: do not stack mi / sa / in with a case on the same stretch. Refuse in-um. Frozen canticle may quote Prime (mi nulil) — that is a quote, not a mix you copy. al is Classical and may sit beside a case. su is a Prime pronoun: flag, do not strip. The endings: locative -um (in/at), allative -ar (toward), ablative -il (from), instrumental -ov (by means of), genitive -va (belonging to), dative -n (to/for), collective -im (plural).

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Only nouns (and duals in the noun coat) take case. A noun is a stem that can wear ko- or a- and then a suffix. Verb-only stems never take -um -ar -il -ov -va -im. If you write ra-keranum you have put a house in the verb slot. a-liv, a-mas, a-nol, a-pad are noun phrases, not conjugations.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Fusion rule. Short CVC stems usually fuse: keranum, kybov, nulil, midum. Longer stems, already-derived stems, and dative -n hyphenate: ver-ar, luysn-il, thor-ar, tsav-n. If you cannot hear the joint, hyphenate. The hyphen is not a letter.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Dative -n is not stative -n. tesn, hasn, luysn are stems — the -n is already inside the word. tsav-n is the noun tsav plus dative. If the lexicon lists the whole form, it is a stem. If you built it this morning, hyphenate.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Construct hierarchy, inside one NP. 1. Living banner a- sits on the head only, and only the seven offices. Never on the dependent. 2. ko- marks the known — on the head, or on the dependent. 3. Case sits on the head of the whole phrase, never on the ko-dependent, never on a quality. 4. Quality follows the noun it coats. 5. Construct dependent comes last, uncased. Order: (a-|ko-) HEAD-case QUALITY ko-DEPENDENT. keranum gad ko-ash — in the great house of the current. Pick one belonging-tool: construct ko- for teaching-of; -va for a thing’s belonging. Do not stack girkan-va ko-ash. a-liv is a head, not a genitive stamp — keran a-liv-va is the house belonging-to-the-living-one.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   -um

   Basic

   in / at (locative) — keranum, in the house

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   -ar

   Basic

   to / toward (allative) — ver-ar, toward the well

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   -il

   Basic

   from / out of (ablative) — nulil, from the void

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   -ov

   Basic

   by means of (instrumental) — kybov, by the crystal

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   -va

   Basic

   of / belonging to

6. 6

   Tesn · Classical

   -n

   Basic

   to / for (dative)

7. 7

   Tesn · Classical

   -im

   Basic

   plural / collective — girkanim, the books

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   a-liv tun kybov

   Basic

   the living one attunes by the crystal

9. 9

   Tesn · Classical

   mas spas ver-ar

   Basic

   the sun keeps vigil toward the well

10. 10

    Tesn · Classical

    mi nulil · kum · hovi

    Basic

    from the void · rise · peace

11. 11

    Tesn · Classical

    liv · ko-liv · livum · liv-ar · liv-il

    Basic

    life — bare · known · in · toward · from

12. 12

    Tesn · Classical

    girkan-va · tsav-n · girkanim

    Basic

    of the book · to the ledger · the books

13. 13

    Tesn · Classical

    keranum gad ko-ash

    Basic

    in the great house of the current — case on head, quality, construct last

14. 14

    Tesn · Classical

    keran a-liv-va

    Basic

    house belonging-to-the-living-one — a- on the living head only

no tense · no person

10 · Aspect (the verb system)

There is no tense and no person agreement on the verb. The field states aspect. Bare stem — gnomic, habitual, timeless: tesn, kem, tun. ra- ongoing / imperfective: ra-kos, ra-rap, ra-gor. nu- completed / perfective: nu-tal, nu-sxal, nu-chan. ve- potential / irrealis: ve-sim, ve-sha, ve-rap. Word shape is split by class. Noun: (ko- or a-) + stem + (case). Verb: (ra- or nu- or ve-) + stem. Prohibition is not a prefix: na bled, two words. You will not see ra-ko-ash or ko-ra-tesn. If you write it, you have stacked two classes on one stem. You have invented a clock.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Prohibition of a verb takes space: na bled, na gor, na anvan, na tesn. Default: na stands before the denied act. After a noun with nothing left to forbid, na follows and is is-not: nol na, tesn na. Still local. Still not a copula. Condition: lu … (ta) …. ta (thus) is used when the second clause is a conclusion. If the second clause is itself a precept, ta may drop: lu pel nu-gnel · na chan ha shi pari. Relative: or + clause. Content question: put or in the empty slot — tesn or (behold what); or ta (why thus). No inversion. No passive. Result and stative sense live in fused -n stems (hasn, tesn).

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Action verbs often end in -el: gnel, arnel, xosel, elnel, mtnel, hishel. The bare of xosel is xos — ra-xos, nu-xos. Some verbs prefer certain aspects in the leaves: ra-kos for continuous binding; nu-tal for completed gift; ve-sim for the projection art in Midut.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Valency. Intransitive: kay, gal, sxal, spas — they take no object (spas takes an oblique: spas ver-ar). Transitive: tesn, kem, chan, tun, mox, gnel — object unmarked (zero accusative). tesn is dual and transitive in the verb coat: ash tesn kol vorak. Ditransitive: tal — what is given is the object; who it is given to takes dative -n: nu-tal ko-liv tsav-n. Duals wear both coats, never at once: bog gor hovi hram krak lur mort mox pari rap sha sim sof spas sutan tesn wil. ko-tesn the carved hand; ra-tesn the act of beholding. ko-rap the healing (Brus-bu’s K). nu-sof has ended. a-spas the vigil-keeper. nu-pari has become fitting. lasha sutan a false tongue. Do not put ko- on a verb-only stem. Do not put ra- on a noun-only stem. Do not invent a dual; the lexicon lists them.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   (bare)

   Basic

   gnomic, habitual, timeless — tesn, kem, tun

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   ra-

   Basic

   ongoing / imperfective — ra-kos, ra-rap, ra-gor

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   nu-

   Basic

   completed / perfective — nu-tal, nu-sxal, nu-chan

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   ve-

   Basic

   potential / irrealis — ve-sim, ve-sha, ve-rap

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   na + stem

   Basic

   prohibition — na bled, na gor, na anvan. After a noun with no verb left, is-not: nol na

6. 6

   Tesn · Classical

   tesn · ra-tesn · nu-tesn · ve-tesn · na tesn

   Basic

   reveals · is revealing · has revealed · may reveal · do not reveal

7. 7

   Tesn · Classical

   kos · ra-kos · nu-kos · ve-kos · na kos

   Basic

   binds · is binding · has bound · may bind · do not bind

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   gnel · ra-gnel · nu-gnel · ve-gnel · na gnel

   Basic

   walks · is walking · has walked · may walk · do not walk

9. 9

   Tesn · Classical

   sim · ve-sim · lu ve-sha · ta ve-sim

   Basic

   likeness · may project · if one may balance · thus one may project

10. 10

    Tesn · Classical

    kem · ra-kem · nu-kem · ve-kem · na kem

    Basic

    keeps · is keeping · has kept · may keep · do not keep

11. 11

    Tesn · Classical

    nu-tal ko-liv tsav-n

    Basic

    has given the living to the ledger — ditransitive

*ax- *las- *gir- *ver-

11 · Roots and the learner core

Prime recovers CVC shapes (*ax-, *las-, *gir-, *ver-). Classical grows them into full liturgical words. A root has a class: noun, verb, adjective, number, or dual (noun/verb). The learner core below is twelve nouns, twelve verbs, then the coats of quality. The full table is chapter 24. Do not invent a second Basic to fill a silence.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

If the cipher desk is silent, strip ko- or a- or aspect, then the case suffix, then try the root. xosel peels to xos. orim is or + -im (the ones-who; the Orders). Place-names (Jedha, Ossus, Ahch-To, Ferrix, Tython, Peridea) are names, not roots — carve them letter by letter. Case hyphenates on a name: Ossus-um, Tython-il, Ferrix-um, Peridea-um. If it is still silent, the word may be a hapax. Leave it. The last pages are empty for that.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Prime

   *ax-

   Tesn · Classical

   ash

   Basic

   noun · light-flow; Force-as-revelation

2. 2

   Prime

   *bog-

   Tesn · Classical

   bog

   Basic

   noun/verb · shadow-weight; to shadow

3. 3

   Prime

   *liv-

   Tesn · Classical

   liv

   Basic

   noun · life

4. 4

   Prime

   *mid-

   Tesn · Classical

   mid

   Basic

   noun · between

5. 5

   Prime

   *ver-

   Tesn · Classical

   ver

   Basic

   noun · well; vergence

6. 6

   Prime

   *nul-

   Tesn · Classical

   nul

   Basic

   noun · void

7. 7

   Prime

   *wil-

   Tesn · Classical

   wil

   Basic

   noun/verb · will (the known choosing); to choose

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   wilut

   Basic

   noun · ability to choose

9. 9

   Prime

   *thor-

   Tesn · Classical

   thor

   Basic

   noun · path

10. 10

    Prime

    *sim-

    Tesn · Classical

    sim

    Basic

    noun/verb · likeness; to project a likeness

11. 11

    Prime

    *fut-

    Tesn · Classical

    fut

    Basic

    noun · becoming; not-yet

12. 12

    Prime

    *kyb-

    Tesn · Classical

    kyb

    Basic

    noun · crystal; kyber

13. 13

    Prime

    *bog-

    Tesn · Classical

    bog

    Basic

    noun/verb · shadow-weight; to shadow

14. 14

    Prime

    *kos-

    Tesn · Classical

    kos

    Basic

    verb · bind; whole

15. 15

    Prime

    *wil-

    Tesn · Classical

    wil

    Basic

    noun/verb · will (the known choosing); to choose

16. 16

    Prime

    *sim-

    Tesn · Classical

    sim

    Basic

    noun/verb · likeness; to project a likeness

17. 17

    Prime

    *sha-

    Tesn · Classical

    sha

    Basic

    noun/verb · balance; to balance

18. 18

    Prime

    *gor-

    Tesn · Classical

    gor

    Basic

    noun/verb · hunger-without-leave; to hunger so

19. 19

    Prime

    *rap-

    Tesn · Classical

    rap

    Basic

    noun/verb · healing (the known act); to heal

20. 20

    Prime

    *bled-

    Tesn · Classical

    bled

    Basic

    verb · bleed (a crystal)

21. 21

    Prime

    *tun-

    Tesn · Classical

    tun

    Basic

    verb · attune

22. 22

    Prime

    *chan-

    Tesn · Classical

    chan

    Basic

    verb · know

23. 23

    Prime

    *has-

    Tesn · Classical

    hasn

    Basic

    verb · discern

24. 24

    Prime

    *tes-

    Tesn · Classical

    tesn

    Basic

    noun/verb · behold; reveal; the carved marks of Classical Ko-Lasha

25. 25

    Prime

    *vay-

    Tesn · Classical

    vayar

    Basic

    adj · true; firm

26. 26

    Prime

    *gad-

    Tesn · Classical

    gad

    Basic

    adj · great

27. 27

    Prime

    *her-

    Tesn · Classical

    heru

    Basic

    adj · far

28. 28

    Prime

    *kav-

    Tesn · Classical

    kav

    Basic

    adj · empty

29. 29

    Prime

    *mal-

    Tesn · Classical

    mal

    Basic

    adj · full

30. 30

    Prime

    *xin-

    Tesn · Classical

    xin

    Basic

    adj · small

31. 31

    Prime

    *nar-

    Tesn · Classical

    nar

    Basic

    adj · near

32. 32

    Prime

    *yel-

    Tesn · Classical

    yel

    Basic

    adj · old; worn

33. 33

    Prime

    *nek-

    Tesn · Classical

    nek

    Basic

    adj · new; freshly cut

34. 34

    Prime

    *tul-

    Tesn · Classical

    tul

    Basic

    adj · still; quiet (the well at rest)

35. 35

    Prime

    *ghel-

    Tesn · Classical

    ghel

    Basic

    adj · bright (as a coat, not the noun luysn)

36. 36

    Prime

    *rak-

    Tesn · Classical

    rak

    Basic

    adj · heavy (as a coat, not bog)

37. 37

    Prime

    *fen-

    Tesn · Classical

    fen

    Basic

    adj · open (as a coat, not dor)

-el -n -ut -an -kan -im · na- · hyphen

12 · Derivation

Build from a root. Do not mint a new root because a gloss is missing. -el action: gnel, arnel, xosel, elnel, mtnel, hishel. Fused -n stative/result: hasn, tesn, luysn — listed in the lexicon as stems. -ut abstract teaching / ability: wilut, chanut, midut, ashut, raput. -an / -kan noun: keran (house), girkan (book), khoran (mind-seat). These -an/-kan forms are fossils. Do not produce a new one unless a leaf already keeps it. -im collective: girkanim, verim, jedim, sitim, livim, khoranim, vorakim.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Three seats of na. Space before an act: prohibition — na gor, na bled, na tesn. Space after a bare noun, with nothing left to forbid: is-not — nol na, tesn na. Still the particle. Still local. Not a copula: juxtaposition remains “is”; this is only its denial. Hyphen: privative adjective, one word — na-sof (without-end), na-pari (not-fitting), na-krak (not-broken), na-spas (without-patience), na-gad (not-great). If you can put the word in a noun phrase, hyphenate. If you are forbidding an act, leave a space before the verb. If the clause is only a noun, leave a space after it.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Hyphen compounds join two roots as one argument: ver-liv (well-life), tesn-kay (beholding-stone), ash-gnel (light-walker), mid-sac (between-hair), sit-keran (Sith-house), liv-elnel (life-gone-out), liv-sur (life-return). Head is first. The compound takes one case at the end. The doer is not a new suffix. It is construct: or-gnel the one-who-walks, or-tesn the one-who-beholds. One suffix per stem. Do not stack -el and -ut. Star elnelut if you meet it. Proper names (Tython, Ossus, Jedha) are names, not roots — carve them letter by letter.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Prefixes: a- a living subject (a-liv, a-mas, a-nol, a-pad, a-spas). ko- the known (ko-ash, ko-liv, ko-rap, ko-girkan, ko-lasha). Fixed pairs without hyphen: sim fut, sha mid, padawan (one ancient word — do not split it).

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   gnel · tesn · wilut · keran

   Basic

   walk (-el) · behold (fused -n) · ability-to-choose (-ut) · house (-an)

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   girkanim · jedim · livim

   Basic

   the books · the Jedi · the small lives (all -im)

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   na gor · na-sof · nol na

   Basic

   do not hunger (space before act) · without-end (hyphen) · a moon is not (space after noun)

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   ver-liv · sit-keran · liv-sur

   Basic

   well-life · Sith-house · life-return

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   or-gnel · or-tesn

   Basic

   the one-who-walks · the one-who-beholds — doer is construct, not a suffix

pel ros tin kal lam tob sib dal baz

13 · Numbers and pointing words

pel — one / first (also a particle). pelik — first-one (the original leaf). ros — two / second. tin — three / third. kal — four / fourth. lam — five / fifth. tob — six / sixth. sib — seven / seventh. dal — eight / eighth (the shelf). baz — many (bazum in the many). The house numbered to eight and thought the field was known. It was only the shelf. Do not number the field.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Craft octal, not liturgy. Brus-bu, dates, spatial tally. Tesn geometry: a well is one, a sun is eight (one dal). Wells count pel through sib. A sun replaces eight wells. Then: dal-pel nine, dal-ros ten, ros-dal sixteen, tin-dal twenty-four. Head is the eights, then the remainder. Never a ninth digit. baz is still many. This count measures grain, staves, and hours. It does not measure the current.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

ha — that (demonstrative): ha girkan vayar — that book is firm. al — upon: al kol tesn — upon all it reveals. su — it / that-one (Prime): mi su — from it. Person is often avoided in precept register; a-liv, ya, or, and pel stand in for the living one.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   pel · pelik

   Basic

   one / first · first-one (the original leaf)

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   ros · tin · kal

   Basic

   two / second · three / third · four / fourth

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   lam · tob · sib · dal

   Basic

   five · six · seven · eight (the shelf)

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   baz · bazum

   Basic

   many · in the many

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   ha girkan vayar

   Basic

   that book is firm

6. 6

   Tesn · Classical

   al kol tesn

   Basic

   upon all it reveals

7. 7

   Tesn · Classical

   mi su

   Basic

   from it (Prime)

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   dal-pel · dal-ros · ros-dal

   Basic

   craft octal: nine · ten · sixteen. Not the field.

9. 9

   Tesn · Classical

   ya pad · ha vayar · ba · lur

   Basic

   spoken turns: O learner · that is firm · yet · yield the well

S V O · precepts drop the subject

14 · Syntax and word order

Default order: (ya VOC) (lu) (na) Subject — (aspect-)Verb — Object — Oblique. Obliques follow the object. Construct lives inside the noun phrase: head, then dependent — girkan ko-ash, never ash girkan. There is no copula. Juxtaposition is “is”: ha girkan vayar — that book [is] firm. Denial of that juxtaposition is na after the noun, with nothing left to forbid: nol na, tesn na — a moon is not, beholding is not. na is still the particle. It does not become a verb. Adjectives follow the noun and do not agree: ver gad, girkan vayar, thor heru, ver kav. Coats of quality (true adjectives): gad great, vayar firm, heru far, kav empty, mal full, xin small, nar near, yel old, nek new, tul still, ghel bright, rak heavy, fen open. Duals that sit as a quality: pari fitting, sutan false — thor pari, lasha sutan. They do not inflect. They are not Tionese feelings.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The object takes no case. That is the zero accusative. lasha kem ko-girkan — tongue keeps the book. The book is not marked. If a noun is a place, a means, a source, a belonging, or a beneficiary, give it a case: kybov, ver-ar, nulil, girkan-va, tsav-n. Precepts drop the subject. wil ko-ash is choose the light-flow, not a missing person. Short strings: ko-X Y is the-X verbs-as-Y (ko-tesn kem — the Tesn keeps). X ko-Y with no subject and no aspect defaults to a construct NP (kem ko-tesn — the keep of the Tesn). Aspect or a living subject makes X a verb: ra-kem ko-tesn.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

The living one is named, not conjugated: a-liv (the living subject), a-mas, a-nol, a-pad, a-spas, a-jed, a-sit, ya (O — vocative), or (who / which / the missing thing), pel (one / someone), ha (that), su (it — Prime). No I / you morphology. The precept already knows who is addressed.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Questions do not invert. Put or in the empty slot: tesn or — behold what. or ta — why thus. A yes-no question is the same clause; the mouth rises. Tesn does not mark it. Relative clauses: or + clause after the head, or standing for the head. Condition: lu CLAUSE (ta) CLAUSE. Coordination of equals: ke. Contrast: ba. Parallel teaching: · . Song bar: | . A hyphenated compound is one argument, not two. Song juxtaposes and may repeat: ver · ver · ver gad. A margin-canticle line must open on its mark: heru may lead a path so the line begins on H. Do not copy that order onto a free precept. Chronicle may keep a subject (a-liv, mas, pad). Treatise keeps limit-first clauses, often two sides of a ·.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Spoken turns (Ko-Lasha mouth, not Tesn). ya opens address. ta closes a turn or a condition. ha vayar affirms — that is firm. ba refuses / turns against. lur yields the well — you hold silence and give the next mouth room. na forbids the next act, still local. Tesn, mute, has no turn: pause is a mid-dot, a new column, or a lone path-cut. Do not invent a nod-word. Do not give Tesn a comma.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

Negation: na before the denied act — na gor, na bled, na tesn. Local, not a fronted clause operator. na + bare also denies the fact: lasha na sxal — the tongue has not failed. Do not fuse na-nu-. Known teaching in the noun coat — and the sixth sealed line —: ko-lasha na sxal. After a noun, with nothing left to forbid, na is is-not: nol na, tesn na. Space vs hyphen still holds: na sof is do-not-end; na-sof is without-end. na ve-X is must-not / do-not-let-it-become.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

How you know. If a clause already has its event-verb, a second verb tesn / shom / hasn / lur at the end is evidential, not a new event. tesn — beheld (the field showed). shom — heard. hasn — discerned / inferred. lur — held silence (you will not claim). a-liv gnel thor tesn — the living one walks the path, beheld. sit ra-gor shom — Sith continuously hunger, heard. keran nu-lus hasn — the house has kindled, inferred. na anvan lur — do not speak; silence is the claim. One evidential. Never two. Not an aspect. Not a tense.

Kas Veran · Keeper of Holocron Tesn

1. 1

   Tesn · Classical

   lasha kem ko-girkan

   Basic

   tongue keeps the book — S V O, object unmarked

2. 2

   Tesn · Classical

   ko-tesn kem

   Basic

   the Tesn keeps — ko-X Y is the-X verbs-as-Y

3. 3

   Tesn · Classical

   kem ko-tesn

   Basic

   the keep of the Tesn — X ko-Y with no aspect defaults to construct

4. 4

   Tesn · Classical

   ra-kem ko-tesn

   Basic

   is keeping the Tesn — aspect makes X a verb

5. 5

   Tesn · Classical

   a-liv gnel thor pari

   Basic

   the living one walks the fitting path — quality after noun

6. 6

   Tesn · Classical

   a-liv tun kybov

   Basic

   the living one attunes by the crystal — S V Obl

7. 7

   Tesn · Classical

   hovi nu-tal ko-liv

   Basic

   peace has given the living — S Aspect-V O

8. 8

   Tesn · Classical

   wil ko-ash

   Basic

   precept — subject dropped: choose the light-flow

9. 9

   Tesn · Classical

   ha girkan vayar

   Basic

   zero copula — that book [is] firm

10. 10

    Tesn · Classical

    nol na · tesn na

    Basic

    is-not — a moon is not · beholding is not (na after a bare noun)

11. 11

    Tesn · Classical

    lu ve-sha · ta ve-sim

    Basic

    condition with ta — if one may balance, thus one may project

12. 12

    Tesn · Classical

    tesn or

    Basic

    question — behold what (or in the empty slot)

13. 13

    Tesn · Classical

    or ta

    Basic

    question — why thus

14. 14

    Tesn · Classical

    ya pad · wil ko-sha

    Basic

    vocative — O learner · choose the balance

15. 15

    Tesn · Classical

    ver gad · thor pari · girkan vayar

    Basic

    quality after noun — great well · fitting path · firm book

16. 16

    Tesn · Classical

    lasha sutan · thor heru

    Basic

    false tongue · far path

17. 17

    Tesn · Classical

    ver kav · ver mal · thor xin · keran nar

    Basic

    empty well · full well · small path · near house

18. 18

    Tesn · Classical

    girkan yel · girkan nek · ver tul · luysn ghel

    Basic

    old book · new book · still well · bright light

19. 19

    Tesn · Classical

    a-mas spas ver-ar · a-nol ra-gnel thor · a-pad gnel thor

    Basic

    living sun keeps vigil toward the well · living moon continuously walks the path · living learner walks the path

20. 20

    Tesn · Classical

    a-liv gnel thor tesn

    Basic

    the living one walks the path — beheld (evidential)

21. 21

    Tesn · Classical

    sit ra-gor shom

    Basic

    Sith continuously hunger — heard

22. 22

    Tesn · Classical

    keran nu-lus hasn

    Basic

    the house has kindled — inferred

23. 23

    Tesn · Classical

    na anvan lur

    Basic

    do not speak — silence is the claim